Rosin package



Oct. 14, 1941. c. c. GILLICAN ROSIN PACKAGE Filed Dec. 30, 1937 Ream/q;

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Pan 0 Cad/y 12f Pay . Patented Oct. 14, 1941 ROSIN PACKAGE Charles CrumGillican, llomerville, Ga., asslgnor,

by mesne assignments, to The Glidden Company, Cleveland, Ohio, acorporation of Ohio Application December 30, 1937, Serial No. 182,584

3 Claims.

The present invention relates to the packaging of rosin in cartons, saidrosin being produced from any of the prior art materials and by any ofthe prior art methods. The present invention is applicable to gum rosinor to a rosin produced by steam distillation or destructive distillationof wood.

It is customary to package rosin, however produced, in wood orgalvanized iron barrels. When wooden barrels are used, it is frequentlynecessary to seal the space between the staves with a clay composition.When the rosin is removed from the barrels, the latter is contaminatedwith some of the clay and the presence of this impurity in the rosin isin many cases objectionable. Another disadvantage of packaging rosin inbarrels is that there is a very substantial loss of rosin. Usually, thebarrel will contain about 400 pounds of rosin, and when the rosin isremoved from the barrel, about 6 pounds is lost, since this amount ofrosin adheres to the staves and head of the barrel.

Another disadvantage of the use of wooden barrels for the packaging ofrosin is that a barrel containing about 400 pounds of rosin has a netweight ofapproximately 80 pounds, making the gross weight of the rosinand the barrel approxi- *mately 480 pounds. When these barrels areshipped, the shipper or the customer must pay freight not only on therosin, but also on the weight of the barrel itself.

While the packaging of rosin in galvanized containers has certainadvantages over the packaging of rosin in wooden barrels, there are alsocertain disadvantages inherent in the use of galvanized iron containersas compared to the use of wooden barrels. It takes about 24 hours,approximately, for the rosin to cool and solidify in wooden barrels,while it takes approximately 36 to 48 hours for the rosin to'cool andsolidify in galvanized iron containers. standpoint, this delayed coolingseriously interferes with the economic operation of the rosin plant, andforthis reason alone, the packaging of rosin in galvanized containershas notcome into general use. Further, comparing the packaging of rosinin galvanized iron containers with the packaging of rosin in woodenbarrels, it may be pointed out that the wooden barrels can be handledbefore the rosin content has completely solidified, whereasthe rosincontent of the galvanized iron barrels must be allowed to solidifybefore the iron barrels can be rolled. If complete solidification is notattained, then the iron From a practical barrels will on rolling beeasily deformed, and this is objectionable.

Another objection to the use of galvanized.

rel in itself is expensive as compared to the rosin packaging of thepresent invention.

In accordance with the present invention, the

difilculties inherent in the packaging of rosin in wooden barrels orgalvanized iron barrels are overcome. The present invention is directedto the packaging of rosin in a paper container, such as a carton, saidcarton having as its essential constituent a paper base, said paperbeing derived from,.any of the usual cellulose sources. Morespecifically, the invention is directed to the herein disclosed novelmethod and package.

In accordance with the present invention, the rosin is introduced into apaper carton, the rosin being maintained at a temperature enabling therosin to be easily poured while inhibiting any substantial absorption ofthe rosin by the container.

While the rosin may be maintained at a tem-n perature between 150 F. and350 F., the preferred range is between 240 F. and 280 F.

It is preferred that the walls of the carton which contact the rosincarry a coating or impregnation adapted to minimize the absorption ofthe rosin by the carton material. Of course,

this coating or impregnating material should be.

substantially chemically inert with reference to the resin. In otherwords, there should be no substantial reaction between the coatingmaterial and the rosin so as'to destroy the value of the coatingmaterial. While sodium silicate has given very satisfactory results,instead of using this material, equivalents thereof wellknown in the artmay be used, and in fact, as stated, any

coating or impregnating medium may be used and solidifying the rosin inthe carton while it isdisposedin the supporting frame to'insure asubstantially now-bulging carton.

From the standpoint of the novel package, the

by the property of absorbing little liquid rosin, 1 the container havingpresent-in situ solidified rosin, and in the preferred form, the cartonhas a coating of a material chemically and physically inert towards therosin, while at the same time minimizing any tendency of the carton material to absorb rosin. Y

Preferably, the carton which is provided. with bottom fiap members and atop closure member, is made of corrugated board and provided with aninner lining. The inner edges of the bottom member is provided withcorrugation pockets which are sealed to prevent the rosin in its liquidstate from entering the corrugation pockets. These pockets are sealedwith a sealing medium comprising a material physically and chemicallyinert withrespectto the rosin and solid at the pouring temperature ofthe rosin. While sodium silicate has been found very satisfactory, it isnot desired to be limited to this material, and other materials whichare physically and chemically inert with respect to the rosin and solidat the pouring temperature of the rosin may be used in place of thesodium silicate. After the pockets are thus sealed, the edge wall of thebottom member is closed with a sealing strip, as hereinafter more fullydescribed.

The present invention will be disclosed in connection with the followingdrawing, in hich:

Figure l is a diagrammatic side view showin the packaging of the rosinin the carton, said rosin being derived from the primary cooling vat.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the carton supporting frame with thecarton therein disposed.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the carton used for packaging therosin.

g Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view through the carton looking inthe direction of the carton I frame.

Referring to the drawing, and more specifically to Figure 1, rosin isdistilled in stills I and 2, said stills being preferably heated bydirect flame.

When the material being distilled, as for example, an oleo resin,reaches a predetermined temperature, approximately 210 F. the turpentineand the water present starts to distill over. The turpentine and wateris condensed usually by means of a worm condenser immersed in a coolingbath, and the condensate is then passed into a gravity separating tankwhere the water and turpentine separate into two layers, the water beingthe bottom layer and the turpentine being the upper layer. Thedistillation in stills l and 2 is continued until practically all of thewater present in the material undergoing distillation is distilled off.Additional water is added when the same is necessary. There remainsafter distillation in the stills I and 2 molten a,aso,oss.

about one-half hour after the start of distillation, water is introducedinto stills l and 2, the function of the water being to facilitate thedisstillation of the turpentine from the oleo ruin. As the distillingstep the distillation temperature is increased until towards the end ofthe distillation the temperature varies approximately between 290' 1".to 350' ll, the preferableupper temperature being about 315 F. For somepurposes, it is quite desirable to have a high melting point rosin andin order taproduce the same, it is necessary to substantially eliminateturpentine and water, and this may be attained by heating toapproximately 350" F.

While the distillation-is desirably carried out under atmosphericpressure, it may be carried out under superatmospheric pressure, or evenunder a vacuum, and if 'a vacuum is used, high melting point rosins maybe produced at lower temperatures.

In operating stills I and 2, about 4000 pounds of oleo resin is chargedin each still. The period of distillation averages about two andone-half (2%) hours, thereafter the tail gates I and l are opened andthe rosin is allowed to pass to receiving vats 5 and i, said vatspreferably containing straining means, although the straining means maybe extraneous of the vats. From the vats 5 and 8, the rosin is pumped bymeans of pumps 1 and 8 to a cooling vat I. The conduits i0 and II forconveying the rosin to the cooling vats are provided with steam jacketsl3 7 and H to facilitate the flow of the rosin.

From the cooling vat 9 the rosin passes to a carton It, said cartonbeing supported in a frame 16, the carton being adapted to receive theliquid rosin from the conduit ll provided with a valve It. Thesupporting frame It carrying the carton I! is positioned on scales It.The front and rear walls 20 and 2|, and the side walls 22 and 23 of thesupporting frame II are provided with apertures 24 to facilitate thecooling of the rosin in the carton IS.

The carton it is preferably made of corrugated board provided withcorrugations 25,- said ca rton having kraft liners 26 and outer coverboards 21. The side walls of the supporting frame function to preventthe carton walls from bulging outwardly, during the time the rosin iscooling in the carton. It is desirable that the side walls of thesupporting frame function to prevent the side walls of the carton frombulging out because the carton I! should preferably remain in thesupporting frame until the rosin solidifies. tent is removed from thesupporting frame ll prior to the substantially complete solidificationof the rosin, the sides of the carton will bulge out due to the actionof the liquid rosin.

The carton I5 is allowed to remain in its supporting frame it for aperiod of from approximately 12 to 18 hours, depending on thetemperature of the atmosphere and the temperature at If the carton I!with its rosin conwhich the rosin is initially introduced into thecarton. The above figure is simply illustrative,

and Id are closed and a sealing strip l5e is placed across the closedfront and rear flaps so as to seal the closure space between theadjacent inner edge walls of the flap members lid and l5b. The carton isthen ready for shipment.

The carton which has been found most satisfactory to carry out thepresent invention is the one that is manufactured by the Mengel Company,Inc. of Louisville, Kentucky, which has a bursting resistance limit of200 pounds per square inch, said carton comprising a corrugated board ofabout of an inch in thickness. The inner kraft liner 26 is approximatelyof an inch thick, and the outer cover board 21 is about of an inchthick. These specifications are merely given as illustrative of thecharacteristics of a suitable carton and are not to be taken by way oflimitation. It is obvious that the thickness of the corrugated sheetitself, the inner kraft liner, and the outer board may be varied. Thesethree (3) elements are securely glued together to form the compositecarton.

It has been discovered that when the liquid rosin is put into thecarton, there is a substantial tendency for the rosin to soak into thecontainer material, and the higher the temperature of the which therosin is poured. As an example of a suitable coating material for theinner surface of the carton, mention may be made of ordinary sodiumsilicate, or water glass. It is obvious that having once ascertainedthat it is desirable to coat or impregnate theinner surface layer of thecarton, that other coating materials will suggest themselves to thoseskilled in the art,'and, therefore, it is not wished to be limited tothe use of sorbed by the material of the container Is to any substantialextent. If the board has any substantial absorption characteristics forthe resin,

then it is preferable; as hereinbefore set forth, to

coat or impregnate the inner walls of the container with a medium whichis physically and chemically inert towards the rosin and which is solidat the temperature at which the rosin is poured. Since fairly purerosin, that is rosin that does not have much turpentine or water left'therein, has a softening point of around 158 F., it is desirable thatthe rosin should not be cooled lower than 150? 1. In other words, therosin, in order to carry out the present invention, must run, and evenif a minorproportion of the rosin is solid, there will be a mixture ofsolid and liquid which is pourable. When operating with a fairlypurerosin, the rosin many other resin; eithernatural or synthetic,ordinarily will be delivered to the receiving vats 5 and 6 at a suitabletemperature usually varying between 290" F. and 325 F. Under somecircumstances, the temperature of the liquid rosin may be somewhathigher or somewhat lower. The rosin, after passage to the cooling vat 9,is preferably allowed to cool to a temperature which will inhibit orminimize the absorption of the rosin by the carton material.Satisfactory results have been obtained when the rosin was poured in thecarton at a temperature between 240 F. and 275 F. As the temperature isincreased beyond 275 F. there is a tendency for the rosin to be absorbedby the carton material, and this tendency is greatest when the cartonmaterial does not'carry a coating or impregnating medium. The tendencyto be absorbed is minimized to some extent by the application of anabsorption minimizing agent, such as hereinbefore set forth.,

If the rosin is one that necessitates a high distillation temperature,and said distillation temperature is in the neighborhood of 350 F. orthe distillation is carried to such a temperature during the latter partof the distillation operation, the resulting rosin may be packaged incartons in accordance with the present invention. However, there will besome tendency for the rosin to be observed by the carton material, andif this tendency, depending on the qualities of the carton material andthe chemical and physical characteristics of the rosin, is slight, therewill be no substantial objection to employing the higher temperaturelimit of 350 F. In some cases, if this higher limit is employed, theobjection to absorption can be eliminated by coating or impregnating theinner surfaces of the carton with a coating material which will minimizethe, absorption at a temperature of 350 F. Here again, the coating orimpregnating material must be chemically and physically inert towardsthe liquid rosin and be non-soluble in the rosin at this temperature.Since sodium silicate has a high melting point, materially over 350 F.it will function satisfactorily as the coating and absorbing agent, evenat this high temperature,

The lower temperature limit at which the rosin, can'be poured is in theneighborhood of the softening point of rosin or a little below. A fairlygood rosin melts at 158 F. Therefore, the lower limit of thepouring-temperature can be placed at approximately F.

It is exceedingly diflicult to express the limits of the invention. interms of actual temperature, and moreover, it is not necessary. Thetemperature-control aspect of the present invention resides incorrelating the temperature at which the rosin is poured with theabsorption characteristics-of the carton material, so that at thetemperature utilized, there is no substantial absorption of rosin by thecarbon material. This is the difliculty that must be overcome and thecriterion has been set forth by which the desired inhibition ofabsorption by the carton ma- In actual operation, the pouring operationis probably started at 260' I". or 275 I"., and inasmuch as the coolingvat has about 2500 to 8000 pounds of rosin present, the filling of therespective cartons, each holding about 100 pounds, is finished atapproximately a temperature of aasaoss the carton that there is asubstantial tendency for therosintorunthroughtheinneredgesofthe membersIll, up, lih and II! into the corrugation pockets 2!. It has "beendiscovered that the loss sealing the edge walls; of the members II], Ilg.

llh and iii with sealing strips 30. II, I! and as,

these sealing strips being made of heavy paper.

a: The strips II and. II covering the edges of the about the softeningpoint of the rosin. In other There is an advantage in utilizing lowertemperatures of pouring, as the colder therosin'is poured, the higherthe poundage content of the carton for a given volume. There is also theadvantage that the carton will cool and solidify more quickly.

The temperature of pouring has an influence on the symmetricalsolidification of the rosin block. Due to the fact that the rosin coolsin the carton in layers, when the rosin is finally cooled, there is acup in the top surface of the rosin and the higher the temperature atwhich the rosin is poured the greater the tendency for the upper surfacelayer of the rosin block to cup. It is preferred'from this standpoint tokeep the temperature of pouring less than about 280 F. as this reducesthe amountof cupping. The lower limit will be governed by practicalconsiderations and it will suflice to state that the lower thetemperature of pouring the less will be the tendency to cup, and if thetemperature of pouring could be reduced, considering practicaloperation, to approximately at or near the softening point of the rosin,there would be substantially no cupping of the upper surface layer ofthe rosin. Therefore, from the standpoint of cupping, the lower thetemperature of pouring, the less the cupping,

when the packages are stacked one upon the other, there is an air spacebetween the top cover members I51: and l5b of the carton and the cuppedsurface 28 of the rosin, and there is a tendency for the cover membersI51: and lib to be crushed. Therefore, in accordance with the presentinvention, this tendency to cupping and the tendency of the packagedrosin to create difficulties in stacking, may be controlled bycontrolling the pouring temperature of the liquid rosin, the lower thepouring temperature, the less the cupping and the less difllculty therewill be experienced in packing.

The carton utilized in carrying out the present invention is providedwith side walls 45 and 46, and front and rear walls 41 and 48. Thebottom member of the carton is formed by turning over the flaps l5 andg, which are integrally formed at the lower bottom end of the side walls45 and 46. Thereafter, the flaps H71 and I51, which are integrallyformed with the walls 45 and 46, are turned over and the flaps thenassume the position shown in Figure 4. It is to be noted that the bottommembers I5 I50, l5h and I57 are composite members comprising a layer ofcorrugated board between two outer layers of board, the constituentelements of the composite board being of approximately the thicknesshereinbeforedescribed in connection with the side walls. It has beendiscovered that when rosin is introduced into members llh andiii extendlaterally a short distance to form upper and lower facing members 34,ll, 3! and 31, respectively, as shown in Figure 5.

Any ordinary paste can be used for sealing the strips 32 and. Thesealing strips for members II! and I50 are constructed and applied in anidentical sealing manner to the strips 32 and 33.

Instead of using sealing strips 30, SI, 32 and II, the same result canbe accomplished by applying to the edge members, as by dipping or thelike, a chemical agent which will close the corrugation, pockets. Forexample, a heavy solution of sodium silicate may be applied. Thechemical agent will run back into each corrugation pocket for a shortdistance, as for example one-half inch, and fill the corrugation pocket.It is, of course, necessary that the filling agent for the corrugationbe one that will not be melted at the temperature at which the rosin ispoured. Sodium silicate admirably fulfills this purpose, as it has anexceedingly high melting point, much above that of the res 11.

Any sealing agent may be employed which is chemically and physicallyinert towards the rosin and which is not soluble in the rosin at thetemperature at which the rosin is poured.

Another method of closing the corrugation pockets and preventing loss ofrosin is to flatten the corrugations by pressure, said pressure beingsufllcient to cause the flattened corrugations and the inner and outercorrugation liners to become a substantially unitary member, incapableof being opened by the pressure of the liquid rosin in the carton. Itmay be stated that the carton is 18 inches in heighth, and the crosssectional dimensions are 9 inches and 18 inches.

The outer bottom members iBh and iii of the carton after they have beentreated and brought to their closed position, are fixed in place by asealing strip of paper 38 or any other material which has sufficientstrength to keep the bottom members Hit and I57 in the sealed positionwhen the material has the liquid rosin or solidified rosin therein.After the bottom members of the carton have been treated as specified,the carton is placed in its-supporting frame and is ready for receivingthe liquid or molten rosin.

One advantage inherent in the packaging of the rosin in a carton of thecharacter herein described is that the cartons lend themselves to easystorage and shipment, in that they are symmetrical and stack well.

Instead of using a supporting frame, such as set forth in Figure 2, thepouring and cooling and solidification steps may be carried out whilethe carton is in a supporting frame such as shown in Figure 7, where thesupporting frame 39 on all its sides is provided with heavy reinforcedmesh wire 40, the wire having sufllcient strength to prevent the cartonsides from bulging out upon introduction of the rosin into the carton,said mesh sides simultaneously affording contact with the colderatmospheric air in order to facilitate cooling an solidification.

It is within the province of the present invention to use any containerwhich has a paper base. that is, in which the essential constituent ispaper or paper pulp. It is recognized that there may be admixed with thepaper pulp other constituents, but these constituents must-be relativelyinert to the liquid or molten rosin. Of course, the carton material mustnot char at the temperature of the molten rosin, or in any manner haveits tensile strength reduced by contact with the molten rosin. Further,there should be substantially no chemical interaction with the moltenrosin. These collectively furnish the criterion governing thecharacteristics which the carton material must have, subject, of course,to the limitation that the carton material must be of adequate tensilestrength.

As shown, the door member 20 is provided with hooks 4| and 42 adapted tofit into the eyes l3 and 44 fastened onto the side wall 23 of the sup- 2porting frame [6.

I claim: 1. The method of packaging rosin comprising introducing rosininto a carton having a paper base as its essential constituent, theinner wall of the carton carrying a coating'or impregnation of sodiumsilicate minimizing the absorption of the rosin by the carton material,the rosin while it is being introduced into the carton being maintainedat a temperature between 150 F. and 350 F., and cooling and solidifyingthe rosin in said carton and closing the same.

2. A package comprising in situ solidified resin and a carton thereforprovided with an inner liner carrying a coating or impregnation ofsodium silicate minimizing the absorption of the resin at a temperatureas high as 350 F., said coating being substantially insoluble in theresin.

3. A package comprising in situ solidified resin and a carton thereforprovided with an inner liner carrying a coating or impregnation ofsodium silicate minimizing the absorption of the rosin ata temperatureas high as --350 F., said coating being substantially insoluble in therosin.

cfmRLEs CRUM GILLICAN.

r CERTIFICATE OF cxamcnonf. Patent No. 2,259,055. I Y October 11;, 19in.

CHARLES cmm GILLICAN It is hereby certified that the above numberedpatent was erroneously issued to Charles Orum Gillican, of Homerville,Georgia, assignor, by niesne assignments, to The Giidden Company, ofCleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio, Whereas said patent should havebeen issued to Charles drum Gil1ican, of Homerville, Georgia, assignor,by direct and means as eiga'ments, of one-half to The Rosa Company, ofHomerville, Georgia, a corporation of Georgia, and one-half to' TheGlidden Company, of Cleve land, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio, as shown bythe record of assignments in this office; andthat the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that the same mayconform to, the record of the case. in the Patent Office.

' Bignedind sealed this 17th day of March, A. D. 1912.

Henry 'Van Arsdale, 'l Acting Commissioner of Patents.

